Areas of particular strength include English literature and history, especially , and Continental literature and history. All printed formats are represented in the file including books, periodicals, maps, music, and broadsides. Periodicals are included if they began before Material cataloged before were catalogued using a variety of standards. For more information on cataloging policies at the Beinecke Library see the Beinecke Cataloging Manual.
Genre headings are made for certain types of material and bibliographical characteristics including bindings. Examples include: almanacs, emblem books, sermons, false imprints, piracies, cathedral bindings, pigskin bindings, etc. For a list of the terms most commonly used see: Genre.
The library makes several local subject headings. These are created following local standards and include:. A variety of notes related to work are routinely made. These include references to bibliographies. The following bibliographies are always cited. Other bibliographies may be cited as well, such as author, printer, or topical bibliographies.
Copy specific notes are made to indicate imperfections, provenance, and bibliographical variants. These notes are preceded by the call number. These records are usually full level, but generally have fewer access points, notes both general and copy specific , or subject headings.
There are no limits to the usual search strategies, but it would be useful to keep in mind the following points:. These included: Jeremiah Dummer, the agent in London for the colony of Connecticut more than titles presented by Dummer himself and many others, among whom Isaac Newton, Edmond Halley, and Richard Steele ;.
In addition to authors, added entry access points are routinely made for editors. These are created following local standards and include: Incunabula in Yale Library. These are made for non literary works e. Brit tracts — [year], Amer tracts — [year], Euro tracts — [year], and Lat Amer tracts — [year]. Fry Collection of Prints and Drawings has over 2, fine prints and drawings, and American and global health posters, from the 15th century to the present on medical subjects.
Although the Historical Library does not house the official archives of the Medical School, it does own a number of manuscript collections, most notably the Peter Parker Collection, papers of Harvey Cushing, and the John Fulton diaries and notebooks.
The Library also owns an extensive Smoking advertising collection, and smaller collections of patent medicine ephemera. The Beinecke collections afford opportunities for interdisciplinary research in such fields as medieval, Renaissance, and eighteenth-century studies, art history, photography, American studies, the history of printing, and modernism in art and literature.
Many have a strong link to the university, either to the institution itself; to the faculty, students, alumni, and other members of the Yale community; or to areas in which Yale has had strong teaching and research interests.
For the United States, especially well documented are the fields of social commentary, diplomatic history, legal history, health policy, environmental policy, architecture history, and the history and culture of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders.
International collections of note document the history of colonial Latin America, especially Peru and Mexico and the history of southern Africa. Of special note for the Consortium are the following collections, located in these guides: Contemporary Medical Care and Health Policy Collection Subject Guide The Contemporary Medical Care and Health Policy Collection Subject Guide is an annotated list of personal papers and organization records in Manuscripts and Archives which document the development, evolution, and politics of health care and health policy in the United States during the twentieth century.
Western Medicine in China, Guide to Collections at Yale University This guide provides summary information and finding aid links for archival collections on the topic of western medicine in China from the Divinity School Library, Manuscripts and Archives, and the Medical Historical Library, all part of the Yale University Library.
The guide was created as part of the collaborative Western Medicine in China, project. Robert B. In addition, ALSC has manuscript and archival holdings in book arts, art history, and drama. Theatrical production is documented through photographs, production books, scrapbooks, and ephemera. The Yale Bookplate Collection contains ex-libris prints and process materials, such as original sketches, plates, and woodblocks. Rollins, and many smaller collections about the book arts.
These stark statistics present a conundrum for those who care about libraries and books. At the same time that books increasingly lie dormant, library spaces themselves remain vibrant—Snell Library at Northeastern now receives well over 2 million visits a year—as retreats for focused study and dynamic collaboration, and as sites of an ever wider array of activities and forms of knowledge creation and expression, including, but also well beyond, the printed word.
It should come as no surprise that library leadership, in moments of dispassionate assessment often augmented by hearing from students who have trouble finding seats during busy periods, would seek to rezone areas occupied by stacks for more individual and group work.
Yet it often does come as an unwelcome surprise to many, especially those with a powerful emotional attachment to what libraries should look like and be. The decline in the use of print books at universities relates to the kinds of books we read for scholarly pursuits rather than pure pleasure, the rise of ebooks and digital articles, and the changing environment of research.
And it runs contrary to the experience of public libraries and bookstores, where print continues to thrive. Unlike most public libraries, the libraries of colleges and universities have always been filled with an incredibly wide variety of books, including works of literature and nonfiction, but also bound scientific journals and other highly specialized periodicals, detailed reference works, and government documents—different books for different purposes.
Although many of these volumes stand ready for immersive, cover-to-cover reading, others await rarer and often brief consultations, as part of a larger network of knowledge. Even many monographs, carefully and slowly written by scholars, see only very sporadic consultation, and it is not uncommon for the majority of college collections to be unused for a decade or more.
This is as it should be: Research libraries exist to collect and preserve knowledge for the future as well as for the present, not to house just the latest and most popular works. But there is a difference between preservation and access, and a significant difference, often unacknowledged, in the way we read books for research instead of pleasure. But we write as if a learned gentleman of leisure sits in a paneled study, savoring every word. Read: Who still buys Wite-Out, and why?
With the rapidly growing number of books available online, that mode of slicing and dicing has largely become digital. With each of these clicks, a print circulation or in-house use of a book is lost. Our numbers at Northeastern are almost identical, as scholars have become comfortable with the use of digital books for many purposes. Now almost all of the texts I consulted for my dissertation are available online in repositories such as HathiTrust , which stores digitized books from research libraries, many of them freely available for download since they were published before , the cutoff for public-domain works.
If I were doing the same scholarly project today, I would likely check out only a small subset of books that I needed to pay careful attention to, and annotate others digitally in my PDF reader. The decline in print circulation also coincides with the increasing dominance of the article over the monograph, and the availability of most articles online.
In many fields, we now have the equivalent of Spotify for research: vast databases that help scholars search millions of articles and connect them—often through highly restrictive and increasingly unsustainable subscriptions, but that is another story—instantly to digital copies.
There is also a Napster for research articles, of which we shall not speak. Very few natural and social scientists continue to consult bound volumes of journals in their field, especially issues that are more than a few years old. UVA recorded nearly 3 million e-journal downloads in , a massive and growing number that is typical of most universities.
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